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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD,...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...

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Technical note: a new facility for continuous respiration measurements in lactating cows.

M Derno1, H-G Elsner, E-A Paetow

  • 1Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Research Unit Nutritional Physiology Oskar Kellner, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany. derno@fbn-dummerstorf.de

Journal of Dairy Science
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PubMed
Summary

A new indirect calorimetry system monitors cattle respiration, feed intake, and behavior. This validated system enables detailed studies on energy metabolism and milk production dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Metabolic Research
  • Environmental Physiology

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of energy expenditure and nutrient utilization in cattle is crucial for optimizing animal health and productivity.
  • Existing methods often lack the ability to continuously monitor multiple physiological and behavioral parameters simultaneously under controlled conditions.
  • Understanding the interplay between feed intake, metabolism, and environmental factors is essential for sustainable livestock management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel open-circuit indirect calorimetry system for comprehensive physiological and behavioral monitoring of cattle.
  • To enable continuous, non-disruptive measurements of respiration, feed/water intake, activity, and behavior in climate-controlled environments.
  • To facilitate detailed balance trials and sample collection (feces, urine, milk, blood) without compromising data integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and validation of a 4-chamber open-circuit indirect calorimetry system.
  • Continuous monitoring of O(2), CO(2), and CH(4) concentrations in chamber air.
  • Simultaneous measurement of feed/water intake, physical activity, position, standing/lying times, and animal behavior.
  • Quantitative collection of feces, urine, and milk; in-chamber milking and blood sampling via catheters.
  • Data acquisition and evaluation using specialized software.

Main Results:

  • The system was successfully constructed and validated for cattle.
  • It allows for continuous, simultaneous monitoring of respiratory gases, intake, activity, and behavior.
  • Non-disruptive in-chamber milking and blood sampling were achieved without interrupting measurements.
  • Dynamic changes in monitored parameters over time can be accurately recorded.

Conclusions:

  • The validated indirect calorimetry system provides a powerful tool for in-depth research on cattle physiology and metabolism.
  • It allows for the dynamic monitoring of factors influencing energy balance, feed intake, and milk production under controlled conditions.
  • This technology is critical for understanding the complex interactions affecting animal productivity and well-being in changing environments.