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Feeding saponin-containing Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria to decrease enteric methane production in dairy

L Holtshausen1, A V Chaves, K A Beauchemin

  • 1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1.

Journal of Dairy Science
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Saponins from Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria reduced in vitro methane production by impairing fermentation. However, in vivo, these saponins did not lower methane emissions in dairy cows and decreased milk production efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Ruminant nutrition and environmental science.
  • Investigating feed additives for sustainable livestock production.

Background:

  • Methane (CH4) production in ruminants is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Saponins from Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria have shown potential as methane inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria saponins on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows.
  • To determine the efficacy of saponin supplementation as a strategy to mitigate methane emissions in lactating dairy cows.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro batch culture incubations with varying doses of saponin sources (Yucca schidigera, Quillaja saponaria) and buffered ruminal fluid.
  • In vivo crossover study with lactating dairy cows fed diets supplemented with Yucca schidigera or Quillaja saponaria at a lower dose.
  • Measurement of methane production using environmental chambers and the sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)) tracer technique; assessment of ruminal fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility.

Main Results:

  • In vitro, increasing saponin levels reduced methane concentration and increased propionate, but also decreased ammonia-N, acetate proportion, and fiber digestibility.
  • In vivo, saponin supplementation did not affect milk production, total-tract nutrient digestibility, or methane production, but increased dry matter intake (DM intake).
  • Consequently, milk production efficiency (milk/DM intake) was reduced in cows fed saponins.

Conclusions:

  • While saponins reduced methane in vitro, this was linked to impaired fermentation and digestion.
  • The lower in vivo dose avoided negative impacts on fermentation and digestion but failed to reduce methane emissions.
  • Reduced milk production efficiency and potential negative effects on feed digestion at higher doses suggest saponins may not be an attractive option for in vivo methane mitigation in dairy cows.