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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

Parity and secondary progression in multiple sclerosis.

M Koch¹, M Uyttenboogaart, D Heersema

¹Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Postbus 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands. m.w.koch@neuro.umcg.nl

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry

|May 19, 2009

Summary

Pregnancy and childbirth (parity) do not appear to influence the risk of secondary progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Disease duration and immunomodulatory treatments were associated with secondary progression in women with MS.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Reproductive Health
Epidemiology

Background:

Pregnancy's impact on multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses is known, but its effect on secondary progression is unclear.
Secondary progression in MS signifies a worsening of disability independent of relapses.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between the number of childbirths (parity) and the risk of developing secondary progression in women diagnosed with MS.

Main Methods:

A hospital-based cohort study included 277 women with MS.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association, controlling for potential confounding factors.

Main Results:

Parity was not found to be an independent predictor of secondary progression in MS.
Increased disease duration (OR 1.05 per year) and the use of immunomodulatory treatments (OR 0.23) were independently associated with secondary progression.

Conclusions:

This study found no evidence that parity affects the risk of secondary progression in multiple sclerosis.
Further population-based research is recommended to understand pregnancy and childbirth's long-term effects on MS prognosis.