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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
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Published on: November 3, 2016

[Cerebral palsy: classification and etiology].

Gad M Bialik1, Uri Givon

  • 1Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Safra Hospital for Children, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel. gadvik@hotmail.com

Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cerebral palsy (CP) involves brain abnormalities present from early life. This review covers the latest classifications and causes of CP, building on definitions since 1843.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Context:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent condition characterized by early-life brain abnormalities.
  • The definition and classification of CP have evolved significantly since its introduction in 1843.
  • The American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) provided a key definition in 2005.

Purpose:

  • To summarize current and historical classifications of cerebral palsy.
  • To review the known etiologies associated with cerebral palsy.
  • To provide an updated overview of CP definitions and understanding.

Summary:

  • This article synthesizes established and recent classifications for cerebral palsy.
  • It details the various etiological factors contributing to the development of CP.
  • The review incorporates the 2005 AACPDM definition and other significant historical perspectives.

Impact:

  • Enhances understanding of cerebral palsy heterogeneity.
  • Provides a consolidated resource for clinicians and researchers.
  • Facilitates more accurate diagnosis and targeted research into CP causes and treatments.