Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Effects of Age and Migration Severity on Surgical Success After Guided Growth for Hip Displacement in Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Report.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2025
Same author

Bone health and bisphosphonate treatment in females with Rett syndrome in a national center.

Pediatric research·2025
Same author

The contribution of medical burden to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome quality of life and functioning.

Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics·2023
Same author

Scoliosis in RETT Syndrome: A National Referral Centre Experience.

Clinical spine surgery·2022
Same author

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome in people with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and correlations with disease-related factors.

Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders·2022
Same author

Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Hip Joint Using Repeated Aspirations: When Should We Operate?

Indian journal of orthopaedics·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

[Muscle weakness in cerebral palsy].

Uri Givon1

  • 1Pediatric Orthopedic Unit, Safra Hospital for Children, Tel Hashomer, 52621, Israel. ugivon@zahav.net.il

Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Muscle weakness is a key issue in cerebral palsy (CP), impacting function and participation. Objective evaluation and targeted strengthening interventions are crucial for improving outcomes in children with CP.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Context:

  • Muscle weakness is a significant and pervasive challenge in cerebral palsy (CP).
  • It stems from diverse factors including muscle fiber variations, motor unit dysfunction, co-contraction, and altered muscle properties.
  • This weakness directly impairs motor function, participation, and overall quality of life in affected children.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the critical role of muscle weakness in cerebral palsy (CP) pathology.
  • To emphasize the need for objective and validated assessment methods beyond manual muscle testing.
  • To underscore the importance of muscle strengthening and spasticity-modifying therapies in CP management.

Summary:

  • Muscle weakness is a primary pathology in cerebral palsy (CP), affecting children compared to typically developing peers.

More Related Videos

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy
08:24

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 11, 2023

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy
08:24

Abdominal Massage to Improve Motor Dysfunction in Rats with Cerebral Palsy

Published on: August 11, 2023

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

  • Objective assessment using instrumented muscle testing is recommended over manual methods for accurate diagnosis.
  • Muscle strengthening programs, alongside therapies like muscle lengthening, show positive effects on strength, function, and quality of life.
  • Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic accuracy through objective muscle testing.
    • Enhanced therapeutic strategies focusing on muscle strengthening and spasticity management.
    • Better functional outcomes and quality of life for children with cerebral palsy (CP).