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Updated: Jun 23, 2026
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Published on: December 1, 2023
Velopharyngeal insufficiency: diagnosis and management
Robert J Shprintzen1, Eileen Marrinan
1Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome International Center, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. shprintr@upstate.edu
Summary
Recent research on velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) diagnosis and treatment yielded limited impactful findings. However, a crucial study highlighted ineffective speech therapy procedures for children with clefts and craniofacial disorders.
Area of Science:
- Speech-Language Pathology
- Medical Imaging
- Surgical Outcomes
Background:
- Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) affects speech and resonance in individuals with craniofacial disorders.
- Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for improving quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency.
- To assess the impact of new findings on current clinical practices.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted for relevant journal articles.
- Included studies focused on diagnostic techniques and treatment outcomes for VPI.
Main Results:
- Diagnostic studies explored magnetic resonance imaging, the International Working Group protocol, and nasometry.
- Treatment research examined pharyngeal flap complications and speech therapy effectiveness, noting small, heterogeneous sample sizes.
- One study identified ineffective speech therapy procedures.
Conclusions:
- Few studies were published recently, with limitations in sample size and methodology.
- Current findings are unlikely to significantly alter the state-of-the-art in VPI diagnosis.
- A critical finding emphasizes the importance of effective speech therapy for children with VPI, particularly those with clefts and craniofacial anomalies.
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