Neuromodulation 10 years on: how widely should we use this technique in bladder dysfunction?

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Neurology
• Colorectal Surgery

Background:

• Growing interest in sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for overactive bladder (OAB) and nonobstructive voiding dysfunction.
• Increased clinical experience with SNS has led to a better understanding of its optimal application.
• Technical aspects of neuromodulation are becoming more standardized.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current applications and recent developments in sacral nerve stimulation.
• To identify patient populations most likely to benefit from neuromodulation.
• To highlight areas for future research to maximize treatment efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on neuromodulation in urology and colorectal surgery.
• Analysis of technical modifications and patient selection strategies.
• Synthesis of current understanding and future research directions.

Main Results:

• Significant developments in neuromodulation for colorectal surgery over the past year.
• Urological research focuses on technique modification and patient stratification for SNS.
• Neuromodulation is established for nonobstructed urinary retention and OAB with urgency incontinence.

Conclusions:

• Neuromodulation is a valuable treatment for specific voiding dysfunctions, including OAB and nonobstructed urinary retention.
• Further research is needed to address remaining questions and optimize neuromodulation efficacy.
• Continued investigation will refine patient selection and technical approaches for sacral nerve stimulation.