Mapping genes for complex traits in domestic animals and their use in breeding programmes

Area of Science:

• Animal genetics
• Genomics
• Livestock breeding

Background:

• Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels are increasingly utilized in domestic animals.
• These panels facilitate the mapping and identification of genes influencing various traits.
• While effective for single-gene traits, their application to complex traits remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the utility of genome-wide SNP panels in livestock genetic improvement.
• To highlight the potential of genomic selection for complex traits.
• To assess the impact of genomic selection on the rate of genetic gain.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing genome-wide SNP panels as genetic markers.
• Employing statistical methods to simultaneously capture the effects of numerous SNPs.
• Applying genomic selection for estimating genetic merit in livestock.

Main Results:

• Discovery of causal genes and mutations for several single-gene traits in livestock.
• Identification of limitations in mapping complex traits using current SNP panels.
• Demonstration of genomic selection's capability to estimate genetic merit effectively.

Conclusions:

• Genome-wide SNP panels are valuable tools in livestock breeding.
• Genomic selection offers a robust method for genetic improvement, particularly for complex traits.
• This approach is projected to significantly accelerate genetic gain in livestock systems, potentially doubling annual improvement rates.