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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands

Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are small, coiled tubular structures located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and secreting sweat, a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands; that is, the secretions are excreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland. There...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Rat Model of Compound Acne
03:10

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

Published on: November 1, 2024

[Hidradenitis suppurativa].

Erlend Tolaas1, Cathrine Wold Knudsen, Lisbet Sviland

  • 1Hudavdelingen, Haukeland universitetssykehus, 5021 Bergen. etolaas@broadpark.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic skin condition, is often underdiagnosed and challenging to treat. Current medical treatments lack high-quality evidence, necessitating further research into effective therapies for this quality of life-impacting disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Rat Model of Compound Acne
03:10

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Context:

  • Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition.
  • Characterized by recurrent nodules, boils, fistulas, and scarring, primarily affecting armpits and groins.
  • Severe HS significantly reduces patient quality of life.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical presentation of HS.
  • To discuss diagnostic considerations for HS.
  • To outline current and emerging treatment strategies for HS.

Summary:

  • HS, also known as acne inversa, is a follicular occlusion disease.
  • Bacterial colonization is common but not the primary cause; smoking and obesity exacerbate the condition.
  • Treatment includes antibiotics for mild disease and surgery for moderate to severe cases; new options like TNF-alpha inhibitors are experimental.

Impact:

  • HS is likely underdiagnosed.
  • The disease is often resistant to treatment.
  • High-quality evidence supporting current medical treatments is limited.