Successful treatment of transplant-associated microangiopathy with rituximab

The microangiopathic anaemia with thrombocytopenia--which can occur after haematopoietic stem cell transplant--resembles thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura but has different pathophysiology and does not respond to plasma exchange. We describe a patient with severe manifestations of this disorder who recovered promptly following treatment with rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody.