Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Helical opto-thermoviscous flows drive out-of-plane rotation and particle spinning in a highly viscous micro-environment.

Light, science & applications·2026
Same author

Metamaterials and Fluid Flows.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Color and fluorescence switchable 2D and 3D printed hybrid materials.

Materials horizons·2025
Same author

Coherent Interaction of 2s and 1s Exciton States in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Deep Eutectic Inks for Multiphoton 3D Laser Microprinting.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Observation of Floppy Flexural Modes in a 3D Polarized Maxwell Beam.

Physical review letters·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

Coupling effects in low-symmetry planar split-ring resonator arrays.

Manuel Decker1, Stefan Linden, Martin Wegener

  • 1Institut für Angewandte Physik and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. manuel.decker@physik.uni-karlsruhe.de

Optics Letters
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a low-symmetry arrangement of magnetic split-ring resonators that functions as an optical wave plate. This optical wave plate behavior arises from in-plane interactions between the resonators, confirmed by experimental data.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials
10:28

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Published on: March 23, 2017

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
12:21

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
10:26

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials
10:28

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

Published on: March 23, 2017

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
12:21

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • * Photonics and Metamaterials
  • * Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Background:

  • * Optical wave plates are crucial optical components for controlling light polarization.
  • * Metamaterials offer novel ways to engineer optical properties beyond natural materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To introduce and characterize a novel planar periodic arrangement of magnetic split-ring resonators.
  • * To demonstrate its function as an effective optical wave plate.
  • * To investigate the role of in-plane interactions in achieving this functionality.

Main Methods:

  • * Fabrication of gold-based split-ring resonator samples using electron-beam lithography.
  • * Measurement of normal-incidence transmittance and conversion spectra.
  • * Theoretical modeling to explain the observed optical behavior.

Main Results:

  • * A low-symmetry (C(1)) planar arrangement of magnetic split-ring resonators was successfully fabricated.
  • * The arrangement demonstrated effective optical wave plate behavior.
  • * Experimental results showed fundamental resonances at approximately 235 THz (1,275 nm), consistent with theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • * In-plane interactions within the specific resonator arrangement are key to its optical wave plate functionality.
  • * The demonstrated metamaterial structure provides a new platform for polarization control in optical applications.
  • * The findings validate theoretical models for low-symmetry plasmonic structures.