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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
08:03

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Echo-dephased steady state free precession.

Sunil Patil1, Oliver Bieri, Klaus Scheffler

  • 1Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Medical Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. sunil.patil@unibas.ch

Magma (New York, N.Y.)
|May 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new echo-dephased steady-state free precession (SSFP) method enables clear visualization of paramagnetic markers. This technique reliably tracks interventional devices, improving MRI-guided procedures.

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A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
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Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions

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A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
12:03

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Published on: May 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Device Visualization
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Paramagnetic susceptibility markers are crucial for medical imaging.
  • Current methods for visualizing these markers can be limited.
  • Accurate localization is essential for interventional procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel positive contrast method for passive localization and visualization of paramagnetic susceptibility markers.
  • To introduce an echo-dephased steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence for enhanced MRI contrast.
  • To assess the feasibility of this technique for MR-guided interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an echo-dephased steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence.
  • Engineered gradients to dephase background signals while forming echoes near paramagnetic markers.
  • Analyzed gradient compensation and visualization characteristics.
  • Validated the technique using a flow phantom for MR-guided intravascular interventions.

Main Results:

  • The echo-dephased SSFP method achieved excellent suppression of background signals.
  • Paramagnetic markers were localized and visualized effectively.
  • Flow phantom experiments demonstrated reliable tracking of interventional guidewires.

Conclusions:

  • The novel echo-dephased SSFP approach enables accurate and reliable visualization of paramagnetic interventional devices.
  • This technique holds promise for improving the safety and efficacy of MRI-guided interventions.