Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide (Glucotrol),...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Omentin-1 plasma levels and cholesterol metabolism in obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 1: impact of weight reduction.

Nutrition & diabetes·2015
Same author

Effects of body weight reduction on plasma leptin and adiponectin/leptin ratio in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Physiological research·2014
Same author

[Not Available].

Vnitrni lekarstvi·2014
Same author

[SAVOR TIMI 53 -  Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

Vnitrni lekarstvi·2013
Same author

Effect of low calorie diet and controlled fasting on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Physiological research·2013
Same author

[An overview of so far published analyses comparating the effectiveness of the treatment with insulin pump and multiple daily injections in type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Vnitrni lekarstvi·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

[Insulin sensitizing drugs].

A Smahelová1

  • 1Diabetologické centrum, Kliniky gerontologické a metabolické Lékarské fakulty UK a FN Hradec Králové. smahelov@lfhk.cuni.cz

Vnitrni Lekarstvi
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Metformin is a foundational type II diabetes drug, often followed by insulin sensitizers like rosiglitazone. New research focuses on advanced insulin sensitizers, with PPAR-gamma selective modulators showing the most promise for diabetes treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Metformin is a primary treatment for type II diabetes.
  • Insulin sensitizers, such as PPAR-gamma stimulators (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone), are frequently used after metformin.
  • Ongoing research aims to develop novel insulin-sensitizing pharmaceuticals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of insulin sensitizing drugs.
  • To highlight the development of new classes of insulin sensitizers.
  • To identify the most promising therapeutic targets in insulin sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current and emerging insulin sensitizing drugs.
  • Analysis of research trends in PPAR (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) modulators.

More Related Videos

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
08:03

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes

Published on: June 25, 2017

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
08:03

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes

Published on: June 25, 2017

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

  • Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of different sensitizer classes.

    • Main Results:

    • Metformin remains a cornerstone therapy for type II diabetes.
    • PPAR-gamma agonists like rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are established treatments.
    • Emerging drug classes include double sensitizers, panPPAR sensitizers, and PPAR-delta sensitizers.
    • Selective PPAR-gamma modulators represent the most promising avenue for new drug development.

    Conclusions:

    • The development of novel insulin sensitizers is an active area of pharmaceutical research.
    • Selective PPAR-gamma modulators offer significant potential for improving type II diabetes management.
    • Future therapies may involve more targeted approaches to insulin sensitization.