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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
12:55

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants

Published on: December 26, 2013

GORD in adults.

Paul Moayyedi1, Brendan Delaney

  • 1Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines treatments for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) with oesophagitis. It found 29 studies on interventions like proton pump inhibitors and lifestyle changes to manage GORD symptoms and complications.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
12:55

P50 Sensory Gating in Infants

Published on: December 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) affects up to 25% of individuals.
  • Only 25-40% of GORD patients show visible oesophagitis on endoscopy.
  • Stopping GORD treatment leads to recurrent symptoms in 80% and potential complications like stricture or Barrett's oesophagus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effects of initial and maintenance treatments for GORD with oesophagitis.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various GORD interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 29 studies including systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
  • Searched Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library up to July 2007.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like FDA and MHRA.
  • GRADE evaluation of evidence quality.

Main Results:

  • The review identified and evaluated evidence for multiple GORD interventions.
  • GRADE methodology was used to assess the quality of evidence for each intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Information on the effectiveness and safety of antacids/alginates, H(2) receptor antagonists, laparoscopic surgery, lifestyle advice, motility stimulants, open surgery, and proton pump inhibitors is presented.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of current GORD treatment options.