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Related Concept Videos

Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

Bus Impedance Matrix

Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Integrated Healthcare System01:20

Integrated Healthcare System

An integrated healthcare system (IHS) is a set of organizations that provides for or arranges to provide coordinated and continuous service to a defined population. The IHS takes responsibility for that particular population's health status and outcome, both clinically and fiscally. An integrated healthcare system is a well-organized, well-coordinated, and collaborative network. The integrated delivery system is a network that connects different healthcare providers to deliver organized,...
Nursing Clinical Information System01:27

Nursing Clinical Information System

Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS)
A Nursing Clinical Information System (NCIS) is a specialized type of healthcare information system tailored to meet the unique needs of nursing practice. It incorporates the principles of nursing informatics to streamline information management and improve the quality of care delivery.
Critical attributes of NCIS include:
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Dithranol as a Matrix for Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging on a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer
09:38

Dithranol as a Matrix for Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging on a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer

Published on: November 26, 2013

ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX.

Hong-Xiang Sun1, Yong Xie, Yi-Ping Ye

  • 1Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemic Etiology & Immunological Prevention of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Kaixuan Road 268, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China. sunhx@zju.edu.cn

Vaccine
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs) and ISCOMATRIX vaccines offer enhanced immunogenicity with reduced toxicity. These novel vaccine platforms effectively induce strong immune responses against various antigens in diverse animal models and humans.

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Area of Science:

  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs) are particulate antigen delivery systems.
  • ISCOMATRIX is a particulate adjuvant without antigen.
  • ISCOMATRIX vaccines combine antigen with ISCOMATRIX.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX vaccine technology.
  • To summarize their applications in human and veterinary vaccine design.
  • To discuss the properties, features, and mechanisms of adjuvanticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX.
  • Analysis of preparation technologies and vaccine applications.
  • Examination of immune response induction and adjuvanticity mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX vaccines demonstrate enhanced immunogenicity and reduced toxicity compared to traditional adjuvants.
  • They induce strong antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.
  • These vaccines are effective against viral, bacterial, parasitic, and tumor antigens.

Conclusions:

  • ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX represent promising vaccine platforms with proven efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Their well-controlled production processes ensure reproducibility.
  • Further understanding of their adjuvanticity mechanisms will optimize vaccine design.