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Updated: Jun 23, 2026
12:17
The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
Published on: August 2, 2017
Placental efficiency and adaptation: endocrine regulation
A L Fowden1, A N Sferruzzi-Perri, P M Coan
1Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Physiology Building, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK. alf1000@cam.ac.uk
The Journal of Physiology
|May 20, 2009
Summary
Fetal growth and life expectancy depend on placental nutrient supply. The fetus actively influences placental adaptations to optimize growth, even under adverse conditions.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Physiology
Background:
- Birth size significantly impacts long-term health and life expectancy.
- Nutrient transfer via the placenta is the primary determinant of fetal growth.
- The fetus actively influences placental function to meet its growth demands.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review placental efficiency in modulating fetal growth.
- To examine morphological and functional placental adaptations.
- To explore the endocrine regulation of these placental processes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of placental function and fetal growth.
- Analysis of placental adaptations in response to intrauterine conditions.
- Examination of endocrine mechanisms regulating placental efficiency.
Main Results:
- The fetus is an active participant in nutrient acquisition, not a passive recipient.
- Placental adaptations enhance nutrient transfer efficiency to support fetal growth.
- These adaptations optimize fetal growth according to prevailing intrauterine conditions.
Conclusions:
- Placental efficiency is a key factor in determining fetal growth outcomes.
- Morphological and functional placental adaptations are crucial for nutrient supply.
- Endocrine regulation plays a vital role in mediating these adaptive processes.
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