Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function like a...
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
Flashbulb Memory01:16

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a highly vivid and detailed memory, often linked to events of significant emotional impact. These memories stand out in contrast to everyday memories due to their clarity and the precision with which they are recalled. The strong emotions associated with the event act as a catalyst, ensuring that specific details, such as one's location, actions, and even peripheral elements, are etched into memory with remarkable accuracy. For example, many people can vividly recall where...
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Shared memories of event details in the human brain are altered by misinformation and test expectations.

PLoS biology·2026
Same author

Temporal dynamics of adaptation to same- and other-race faces: buildup, decay and sustained effects.

Psychological research·2026
Same author

Who believes in repressed memories? The roles of gender, age, and education in a national sample of United States adults.

Memory (Hove, England)·2025
Same author

The misinformation effect: A contemporary replication and extension of Loftus et al. (1978) to investigate its underlying mechanisms.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

Dependence of brightness induction on the contrast polarity of a disk-annulus stimulus.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2025
Same author

A longitudinal study of theory of mind across the lifespan.

Frontiers in psychology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

The revelation effect for autobiographical memory: a mixture-model analysis.

Daniel M Bernstein1, Michael E Rudd, Edgar Erdfelder

  • 1Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Daniel.Bernstein@kwantlen.ca

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|May 20, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unscrambling words, even unrelated ones, can falsely boost confidence in childhood memories. This memory effect, similar to word recognition, impacts autobiographical memory judgments.

More Related Videos

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection
11:30

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Published on: August 26, 2011

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Studies
  • Signal Detection Theory

Background:

  • Autobiographical memory confidence is crucial for understanding personal past.
  • Previous research indicates cognitive tasks can influence memory recall and confidence.
  • The 'revelation effect' in word recognition shows similar phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how word unscrambling tasks affect confidence in autobiographical memories.
  • To analyze memory judgment biases and discriminability using a novel signal detection model.
  • To compare effects on autobiographical memory with findings from word recognition tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Participants rated confidence in childhood event memories.
  • Word unscrambling tasks (related or unrelated words) preceded some confidence ratings.
  • A signal detection mixture distribution model was used for data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Unscrambling words increased confidence in childhood event memories.
  • This effect was contingent on the confidence rating immediately following the unscrambling task.
  • Both key word and unrelated word unscrambling influenced response bias and discriminability.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive manipulations like word unscrambling can alter autobiographical memory confidence.
  • The findings suggest shared mechanisms between memory and word recognition tasks.
  • The applied signal detection model offers a robust method for analyzing memory judgments without prior veracity assumptions.