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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

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Published on: March 12, 2022

Differences in retinal vessels support a distinct vasculopathy causing lacunar stroke.

F N Doubal¹, T J MacGillivray, P E Hokke

¹Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK. fergus.doubal@ed.ac.uk

|May 20, 2009

Summary

Lacunar stroke patients show wider retinal venules and smaller arteriovenous ratios compared to cortical stroke patients. This finding may help understand the underlying small vessel abnormalities in lacunar stroke.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neurology
Vascular Medicine

Background:

Lacunar stroke etiology is unknown, despite its common occurrence.
Retinal and cerebral small vessels share characteristics, suggesting retinal imaging may offer insights into stroke.
Retinopathy is known to be associated with stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare retinal microvessel appearance between lacunar stroke patients and large artery cortical ischemic stroke controls.
To investigate retinal vascular changes as a surrogate for cerebral small vessel abnormalities.

Main Methods:

Prospective recruitment of patients with lacunar stroke and cortical stroke controls.
Digital retinal photographs were taken and analyzed for central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) diameters, and arteriovenous ratios (AVRs).
Semiautomated computer software assessed CRAE, CRVE, AVRs, arteriovenous nicking, and focal arteriolar narrowing.

Main Results:

In 212 patients, lacunar stroke patients had decreased AVR (0.76 vs 0.78, p=0.03) and increased CRVE (44.9 vs 42.8 pixels, p=0.01) compared to cortical stroke patients.
Central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) did not differ significantly between groups (p=0.4).
Multivariable analysis revealed increased CRVE associated with lacunar stroke subtype (p=0.03) and younger age (p<0.001). Arteriovenous nicking and focal arteriolar narrowing showed no difference.

Conclusions:

Retinal venules are wider in lacunar stroke patients compared to cortical stroke patients.
Arteriovenous ratios are smaller in lacunar stroke patients.
Retinal microvessel changes may serve as indicators for lacunar stroke subtypes.