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Related Concept Videos

Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm magnitude.
The...
Angular Momentum01:21

Angular Momentum

Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
Angular Momentum: Rigid Body01:11

Angular Momentum: Rigid Body

The total angular momentum of a rigid body can be calculated using the summation of the angular momentum of all the tiny particles rotating in the same plane. Considering all the tiny particles rotating in the x-y plane, the direction of angular momentum of all such particles and that of the rigid body would be perpendicular to the plane of the rotation along the z-axis.
This calculation can get complicated when tiny particles within the rigid body are not rotating in the same plane but have...
Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
The velocity of a mass element comprises its translational velocity and the relative velocity instigated by the body's rotation. Substituting the velocity equation into the angular...
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce internal...
Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum01:23

Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum

The angular impulse and momentum principle provides insights into how forces applied at a distance from an object's rotational axis influence its angular velocity. It builds upon the crucial relationship between the moment of force and angular momentum. By integrating this equation, substituting the limits for the initial and final times, a comprehensive expression representing the angular impulse and momentum principle is derived.

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Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
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Published on: February 28, 2016

Optical angular momentum transfer to transparent isotropic particles using laser beam carrying zero average angular

Enrico Santamato, Antonio Sasso, Bruno Piccirillo

    Optics Express
    |May 20, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study dynamically measured the torque from astigmatic optical beams on particles. The findings confirm torque originates from orbital angular momentum transfer, even with light beams lacking net angular momentum.

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    Published on: November 21, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Optical Tweezers
    • Particle Manipulation

    Background:

    • Astigmatic optical beams possess unique phase profiles.
    • Optical beams can transfer angular momentum to particles.
    • Understanding light-particle interactions is crucial for micro-manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To dynamically measure the torque exerted by astigmatic optical beams on transparent isotropic particles.
    • To elucidate the mechanism of torque generation via orbital angular momentum transfer.
    • To investigate if this mechanism functions with light beams devoid of net angular momentum.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized microscopy to observe the angular motion of particles.
    • Employed astigmatic optical beams to interact with particles.
    • Dynamically measured the resulting torque on the particles.

    Main Results:

    • Confirmed that torque is exerted by astigmatic optical beams.
    • Demonstrated torque originates from the transfer of orbital angular momentum.
    • Showed this mechanism is effective even for light beams with zero net angular momentum.

    Conclusions:

    • Orbital angular momentum transfer is a key mechanism for optical torque generation.
    • Astigmatic beams can induce particle rotation through phase-induced momentum transfer.
    • This principle extends to optical beams not possessing net angular momentum, broadening applications in optical trapping and manipulation.