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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

[Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans].

Alejandro J Colom¹, Alejandro M Teper

¹Centro Respiratorio, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires. acolom@gmail.com

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria

|May 20, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bronchiolitis obliterans, a severe obstructive lung disease, often follows infections or transplants. Ongoing research aims to clarify its pathology, pathogenesis, and optimal treatments, especially in children.

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Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2012

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Infectious Diseases
Transplantation Medicine

Context:

Bronchiolitis obliterans is a rare but severe obstructive lung disease.
It can arise post-transplant (bone marrow, lung) as a complication of graft-versus-host disease.
Severe viral lower respiratory tract infections are a common cause, particularly in children.

Purpose:

To review current knowledge on bronchiolitis obliterans associated with infectious diseases.
To highlight areas requiring further investigation, including pathology, pathogenesis, and molecular pathology.
To discuss the current understanding of optimal treatment strategies.

Summary:

This review synthesizes information on bronchiolitis obliterans, focusing on its infectious disease associations.
It examines the disease's pathology, pathogenesis, and molecular underpinnings.
The review underscores that understanding and treatment remain active areas of research.

Impact:

Provides a consolidated overview of infectious causes of bronchiolitis obliterans.
Identifies knowledge gaps in pathology, pathogenesis, and treatment.
Informs future research directions for this severe obstructive lung disease.