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Amnesia

Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
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Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...

Traumatic Memory

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

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A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Transient global amnesia - not so rare after all.

Reto Berli¹, Andrea Hutter, Walter Waespe

¹Medical Clinic, Uster Hospital, Uster, Switzerland.

Swiss Medical Weekly

|May 20, 2009

Summary

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a temporary memory loss condition. This study found TGA has a low incidence, typically resolves within 24 hours, and has a good prognosis, though relapses can occur.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology

Background:

Transient global amnesia (TGA) presents as sudden, temporary amnesia without other neurological deficits, with full recovery within 24 hours.
The underlying causes of TGA remain largely unknown.
Understanding TGA prevalence and diagnostic accuracy is crucial for emergency physicians.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence of TGA in a Swiss referral hospital.
To assess the accuracy of TGA diagnostic procedures.
To evaluate the outcomes and recurrence rates of TGA.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 20 TGA cases admitted between 2005 and 2007.
Analysis of symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and patient outcomes.
Physician knowledge assessment via questionnaire and patient follow-up for relapses.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

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Published on: January 31, 2017

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

A Mouse Model of Single and Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Main Results:

TGA incidence was 6.8 per 100,000 person-years.
All symptoms resolved within 24 hours; 25% of episodes linked to exercise, 20% to emotional distress.
30% of initial diagnoses were incorrect, highlighting diagnostic challenges; 10% of patients experienced relapse.

Conclusions:

TGA is a clinically diagnosed syndrome with a generally favorable prognosis, despite potential relapses.
Emergency physicians must be aware of TGA to ensure accurate diagnosis and reduce patient/family anxiety.
Improved diagnostic accuracy for TGA is needed to prevent uncertainty.