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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

Mutator transposon activity reprograms the transcriptomes and proteomes of developing maize anthers.

David S Skibbe1, John F Fernandes, Katalin F Medzihradszky

  • 1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. skibbe@stanford.edu

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maize anther development shows significant transcriptome changes due to Mu transposition, impacting gene expression and metabolic processes. Despite these molecular shifts, anther development remains normal, potentially conferring a transmission advantage for Mu elements.

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Published on: July 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Maize genetics

Background:

  • Anther gene expression is highly conserved across maize lines.
  • Mu transposition, driven by active MuDR, can significantly alter cellular processes.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for crop improvement and genetic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Mu transposition on the maize anther transcriptome.
  • To analyze changes in protein abundance and metabolic pathways.
  • To correlate molecular changes with anther development and flowering time.

Main Methods:

  • Monitoring transcriptome changes over 90 hours of immature anther development.
  • Analyzing protein abundance of metabolic enzymes.
  • Comparing active Mutator lines with normal maize and male-sterile mutants.

Main Results:

  • Mu transposition caused a 25% change in the anther transcriptome without altering morphology or developmental pace.
  • Transcriptome alterations were stage-specific, with both suppression and activation of genes.
  • Increased carbon and reactive oxygen management were observed in Mutator anthers, indicating chronic stress.
  • Anther development proceeded normally despite molecular changes, unlike in male-sterile mutants.

Conclusions:

  • Active Mutator elements induce significant, yet non-disruptive, molecular changes in maize anthers.
  • The observed stress response and normal anther development suggest an acclimation mechanism.
  • The early flowering phenotype associated with Mu transposition may enhance genetic element transmission.