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Prospective study on nutrition transition in China
Fengying Zhai1, Huijun Wang, Shufa Du
1Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC, Beijing, China. zhai@infh.ac.cn
Nutrition Reviews
|May 21, 2009
Summary
China's economic reforms transformed diets, increasing animal food intake and obesity while decreasing cereal consumption. Key nutrients like vitamin A and calcium remained low, indicating persistent nutritional challenges despite overall improvements in child growth.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Socioeconomics
Background:
- China has undergone significant social and economic transformation since the late 20th century.
- Dietary patterns and nutritional status are sensitive indicators of societal changes.
- Understanding these shifts is crucial for public health interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of China's social and economic transformation on dietary patterns.
- To assess changes in the nutritional status of the Chinese population over time.
- To correlate dietary shifts with economic reforms.
Main Methods:
- Prospective cohort study design with data collection from 1989 to 2004.
- Inclusion of 5000 subjects (18-45 years) across nine provinces.
- Utilized weighed food records and three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls.
Main Results:
- Increased consumption of animal foods (except milk) and a decrease in cereal intake were observed.
- Proportion of energy from animal protein and fat increased.
- Vitamin A and calcium intake remained low; child undernutrition decreased, while overweight increased.
Conclusions:
- Rapid dietary pattern changes in China are directly linked to economic reforms.
- The nutritional transition shows a shift towards higher fat and protein intake but deficiencies in micronutrients persist.
- Increased prevalence of overweight suggests a need for targeted public health strategies.
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