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Related Concept Videos

Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
05:45

Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing

Published on: October 25, 2019

[Pleiotropic effects of leptin].

Elzbieta Górska1, Katarzyna Popko, Magdalena Winiarska

  • 1Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej i Immunologii Klinicznej Wieku Rozwojowego, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny. elgorska@litewska.edu.pl

Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Leptin, the satiation hormone, regulates body weight and energy balance. While its hypothalamic actions are known, leptin also impacts numerous peripheral functions, including hormone synthesis and immunity.

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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis

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Experimental Approach to Examine Leptin Signaling in the Carotid Bodies and its Effects on Control of Breathing
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White and Brown Adipose Grafts: An Approach to Correct Reproductive, Metabolic, and Renal Deficits in Black and Tan Brachyury (BTBR) Obese Mice
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Published on: June 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Physiology

Context:

  • Leptin, a key hormone in energy homeostasis, primarily acts in the hypothalamus.
  • Recent research highlights leptin's broader, pleiotropic effects beyond central appetite regulation.
  • Understanding leptin's diverse roles is crucial given its implications in various physiological processes.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the multifaceted roles of leptin beyond its established function in body weight regulation.
  • To highlight the expanding knowledge of leptin's peripheral actions.
  • To underscore the need for further research into leptin's mechanisms of action.

Summary:

  • Leptin, the satiation hormone, is critical for regulating body weight, energy intake, and expenditure by interacting with hypothalamic receptors.
  • Emerging evidence demonstrates leptin's pleiotropic effects, influencing sexual hormones, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, blood pressure, reproduction, osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis.
  • Leptin also plays a regulatory role in immunity and tumorigenesis, indicating its widespread physiological significance.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of leptin's diverse physiological functions.
  • Emphasizes the expanding scope of leptin research into peripheral systems.
  • Highlights the potential of leptin as a therapeutic target for metabolic and other disorders.