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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Varus gonarthrosis predisposes to varus malalignment in TKA.

Thomas J Heyse1, Ralf Decking, Jack Davis

  • 1Department of Orthopedics and Rheumatology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany. heyse@med.uni-marburg.de

HSS Journal : the Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery
|May 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Preoperative varus alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) increases the risk of component malposition. Valgus alignment, however, is associated with a significantly lower risk of intraoperative malalignment.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Postoperative alignment is crucial for the long-term success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
  • Preoperative lower limb deformities may influence the accuracy of TKA component placement.
  • Accurate component positioning is essential for restoring knee function and implant longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether preoperative deformities predispose to intraoperative malposition of TKA components.
  • To analyze the relationship between preoperative alignment and postoperative component positioning in TKA.
  • To identify specific deformities that increase the risk of TKA malalignment.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective radiographic analysis of 53 primary TKA cases.
  • Comparison of preoperative hip-to-ankle and lateral knee radiographs with postoperative views.
  • Measurement of key radiographic angles: hip-knee-ankle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibia angle (MPTA), posterior distal femur angle (PDFA), and posterior proximal tibia angle (PPTA).

Main Results:

  • 34.0% of TKAs showed a deviation of >+/-3 degrees from neutral HKA postoperatively.
  • Sixteen knees (30.2%) were in varus postoperatively, with most having severe preoperative varus gonarthrosis.
  • Patients with preoperative valgus malalignment (93.3%) achieved optimal postoperative HKA.
  • Odds ratios for malalignment were significantly higher for varus knees compared to valgus knees (HKA: 7.1, MPTA: 2.4, PDFA: 4.9, PPTA: 1.7).

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative varus alignment is a significant risk factor for postoperative malposition of TKA components.
  • Valgus malalignment is associated with a lower risk of intraoperative malposition.
  • Preoperative deformity assessment is critical for optimizing TKA component placement and improving long-term outcomes.