Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026
Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Published on: October 14, 2022
In vivo assessment of hydrocephalus shunt
G Petrella1, M Czosnyka, P Smielewski
1Academic Neurosurgical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. Gianpaolo_p@hotmail.com
Objectives:
Over a 3-year period, we have performed 312 tests in 197 shunted patients. The data have been analyzed retrospectively to: (1) investigate the parameters describing CSF dynamics that correlate with shunt under-drainage and (2) estimate accuracy of this method.
Methods:
Constant rate infusion tests into shunt prechamber were performed.
Results:
In 161 of the 312 infusion tests, results indicated under-draining shunts. Patients in the under-draining group had higher baseline and plateau CSF pressures, higher resistance to CSF outflow and higher levels of baseline pulse amplitude waveform. During the test, a significantly greater vasogenic waves and lower compensatory reserve was noticed in patients with blocked shunts. In 21 patients with suggestion of shunt blockage and who subsequently underwent operative revision of the shunt, reports of intraoperative shunt patency were available. Shunt blockage was confirmed intra-operatively during surgery in 19 cases.
Conclusions:
In vivo shunt testing is easy, safe and clinically useful, aiding decision in difficult clinical situations, where shunt malfunction is suspected but not certain. It also has satisfactory positive predictive power.
