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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Skin contact allergy to emulsifiers.

M Hannuksela1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Oulu, SF-90220 Oulu, Finland.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Contact allergies to cetyl and stearyl alcohols affect about 1% of eczema patients. Emulsifiers in moisturizers, like sorbitan esters, are also potential allergens causing widespread dermatitis.

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Published on: August 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Contact allergy to cetyl and stearyl alcohols is a known issue in eczema patients.
  • Previous research suggests impurities in these alcohols may cause allergic reactions.
  • Emulsifiers are common ingredients in dermatological and cosmetic preparations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to cetylstearyl alcohol in eczema patients.
  • To assess the allergenic potential of sorbitan sesquioleate in dermatological preparations.
  • To identify common emulsifiers as potential contact allergens in frequently used skin products.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing with 20% cetylstearyl alcohol on 1374 eczema patients.
  • Patch testing with 20% sorbitan sesquioleate in petrolatum on 4469 eczema patients.
  • Clinical observation of patients with widespread dermatitis linked to moisturizing creams.

Main Results:

  • 11 out of 1374 patients (approx. 0.8%) showed positive reactions to cetylstearyl alcohol.
  • 25 out of 4469 patients (0.56%) had positive reactions to sorbitan sesquioleate.
  • Two patients developed widespread dermatitis attributed to moisturizing cream ingredients.

Conclusions:

  • Cetylstearyl alcohol and sorbitan esters are confirmed contact allergens.
  • Emulsifiers commonly found in moisturizers pose a risk for allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Awareness and careful selection of ingredients in skincare products are crucial for sensitive individuals.