Microbial degradation of cellulose polymers used in cosmetics and toiletries

Synopsis Cellulose polymers which are commonly found in cosmetics can act as potential targets for microbial attack and sometimes support extensive growth under suitable conditions. As a result, cellulosic substances can be converted from a stiff gel into a running liquid, thereby rendering the cosmetic unfit for use. To provide an understanding of the biodeterioration of cellulose in cosmetics, this paper reviews the structure of cellulose, mechanism of enzyme degradation and effects of structural properties of cellulose on the rate of hydrolysis. At least three different types of enzymes (exo-beta-1, 4-glucanase, endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-glucosidase) are involved in the degradation of crystalline cellulose. Enzyme production by three fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium is described.