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Michael W L Chee1, Karren H M Chen, Hui Zheng

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Cognitive aging affects processing speed the most. Factors like education and homocysteine levels influence cognitive decline, similar to findings in Caucasian populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Cognitive aging is influenced by various health and demographic factors.
  • Understanding these influences is crucial for healthy aging research.
  • Previous studies have primarily focused on Caucasian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of age and health variables on cognitive performance and brain volume in healthy Chinese adults.
  • To identify specific cognitive functions and brain regions most affected by aging.
  • To compare findings with existing research in Caucasian populations.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 248 healthy Chinese adults aged 55-86 years underwent neuropsychological testing and MR imaging.
  • Health and socio-demographic data were collected.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to assess age-related changes and correlations.

Main Results:

  • Processing speed exhibited the most significant age-related decline.
  • Education and plasma homocysteine levels modulated cognitive performance decline.
  • Total cerebral volume decreased by 0.4% annually, with comparable gray and white matter loss.
  • Greater volume loss was observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex, visual cortex, and superior parietal cortices.
  • Processing speed correlated positively with gray matter volume in frontal, parietal, and occipital regions.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related cognitive decline, particularly in processing speed, is evident in Chinese adults.
  • Education and homocysteine levels are significant modulators of cognitive aging.
  • Brain volume loss occurs in specific regions, correlating with cognitive performance.
  • Findings suggest generalizability of cognitive and brain aging processes across different ethnicities.