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Related Concept Videos

Construction of Root Locus01:15

Construction of Root Locus

The construction of a root locus involves several key steps to analyze and visualize the behavior of a system's poles with varying gain. The number of branches in the root locus equals the number of closed-loop poles and is symmetrical about the real axis.
For positive gain values, the root locus exists on the real axis to the left of an odd number of finite open-loop poles or zeros. The root locus starts at the open-loop poles and traces the paths of the closed-loop poles as the gain increases.
Taping Over Different Ground Profiles01:12

Taping Over Different Ground Profiles

Taping over varying ground profiles requires careful adaptation to achieve accurate measurements. On smooth, level ground with minimal vegetation, the tape can rest directly on the ground. Here, the taping team, typically consisting of a head and a rear tapeman, coordinates their positions with clear communication. The rear tapeman holds the tape at the starting point and guides the head tapeman toward a range pole placed beyond the endpoint, using hand or voice signals to ensure alignment.On...
Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus01:19

Plotting and Calibrating the Root Locus

Root loci often diverge as system poles shift from the real axis to the complex plane. Key points in this transition are the breakaway and break-in points, indicating where the root locus leaves and reenters the real axis. The branches of the root locus form an angle of 180/n degrees with the real axis, where n is the number of branches at a breakaway or break-in point.
The maximum gain occurs at the breakaway points between open-loop poles on the real axis, while the minimum gain is observed...
Topographic Surveying and Contours01:29

Topographic Surveying and Contours

Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment01:19

Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment

Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate01:25

Shape and Texture of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate shape is classified based on the relative sharpness or roundness of the edges and corners. This classification includes categories like rounded, angular, elongated, and flaky, each with specific characteristics. Rounded aggregates, fully shaped by attrition, are typical of river or seashore gravel, while angular aggregates, such as crushed rock, have well-defined edges. Aggregates that are elongated and flaky are less desirable, as they can reduce the workability and strength of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data
09:37

Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data

Published on: April 26, 2016

Building and tracking root shapes.

Jean-José Jacq1, Cédric Schwartz, Valérie Burdin

  • 1Department of Image and Information Processing, Institut TELECOM, TELECOM Bretagne, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Brest, France. jj.jacq@telecom-bretagne.eu

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|May 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates the versatility of the root shape (RS) concept for 3-D shape registration. The RS approach offers practical solutions for medical applications, including prosthetic design and biomechanical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging and biomechanics
  • Computational geometry and shape analysis
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • A previous algorithm focused on robust 3-D shape registration using implicit root shape (RS) representation.
  • The prior work emphasized algorithm foundations with limited application examples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the broad applicability of the root shape (RS) concept beyond its initial scope.
  • To showcase the RS concept's utility in diverse medical and biomechanical challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Applied the RS concept to three distinct problems: prosthetic design, real-time shoulder biomechanics, and respiratory motion tracking.
  • Utilized explicit RS reconstruction with consensus maps for prosthetic design.
  • Employed implicit RS tracking within virtual spotlights for in vivo biomechanics and motion analysis.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated RS's utility in creating anatomical supports for prosthetic hip plates, balancing design considerations.
  • Showcased real-time, in vivo shoulder biomechanics tracking using low-cost 3-D video, challenging high-end equipment.
  • Validated RS tracking as a viable method for auxiliary respiratory motion measurement in medical imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The root shape (RS) concept is a versatile tool applicable to a wide range of 3-D shape analysis problems in medicine.
  • The RS approach facilitates practical solutions in areas like medical device design and real-time physiological monitoring.
  • This work extends the utility of 3-D shape registration algorithms for advanced biomedical applications.