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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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CRISPR01:59

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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

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Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
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Published on: May 17, 2024

Epigenetics and assisted reproduction.

Louise Wilkins-Haug1

  • 1Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. lwilkinshaug@partners.org

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|May 22, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) may cause epigenetic alterations, potentially leading to imprinting disorders. Further research into placental epigenetics is crucial for understanding adverse outcomes in ART infants.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and reproductive medicine
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics involves changes in gene transcription without altering DNA sequence, crucial for embryonic development.
  • Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) occur during critical developmental periods, posing a potential risk for epigenetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of epigenetic alterations associated with assisted reproduction.
  • To explore the link between ARTs, imprinting disorders, and subfertility.
  • To highlight the importance of placental epigenetics in ART outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetics and ARTs.
  • Analysis of evidence linking ARTs to imprinting disorders.
  • Examination of recent findings on epimutations in gametes and subfertility.
  • Discussion of placental function and epigenetic abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Increased incidence of imprinting disorders suggests epigenetic alterations following ARTs.
  • Induced ovulation and oocyte quality may contribute to maternal imprinting disorders.
  • Subfertility itself might be associated with epimutations, as suggested by findings in oligospermic men.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between epigenetics and ARTs is not fully understood.
  • Investigating imprinting disorders in ART infants is challenging due to their rarity.
  • Studying placental epimutations is vital for understanding adverse ART outcomes like growth restriction.