Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
06:04

Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Published on: February 24, 2023

Mumps: a year of enhanced surveillance in Catalonia, Spain

Angela Dominguez1, Manuel Oviedo, Nuria Torner

  • 1Department of Public Health, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. angela.dominguez@ub.edu

Vaccine
|May 23, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Mumps elimination requires laboratory confirmation of suspected cases, as the clinical case definition has a low positive predictive value (PPV). Even with high MMR vaccination, confirming mumps cases is crucial for disease control and assessing vaccine effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Mumps is a vaccine-preventable illness targeted for global elimination.
  • The positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical case definitions for mumps requires assessment to guide public health strategies.
  • High measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage is essential for mumps control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of the clinical case definition for mumps.
  • To determine the necessity of laboratory confirmation for mumps surveillance and control in a high-vaccination setting.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of suspected mumps cases reported in Catalonia during 2007.
  • Calculation of incidence rates for both clinically defined and laboratory-confirmed mumps cases.
  • Assessment of the PPV of the clinical case definition, stratified by age group (<15 years and >=15 years).

Main Results:

  • Of 410 suspected mumps cases, 348 met the clinical case definition and 159 were laboratory confirmed.
  • The global PPV of the clinical case definition was 44.5%, with lower PPV in younger individuals (38.5% in <15 years) compared to older individuals (50% in >=15 years).
  • A significant proportion (72.3%) of laboratory-confirmed mumps cases had received at least one dose of the MMR vaccine.

Conclusions:

  • The clinical case definition for mumps has a suboptimal PPV, necessitating laboratory confirmation for accurate surveillance.
  • Laboratory confirmation is vital for effective mumps control and for evaluating vaccine failure, even in populations with high MMR coverage.
  • Continued high MMR vaccination coverage remains critical, alongside robust laboratory confirmation, to achieve mumps elimination goals.

More Related Videos

Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection10:43

Polarization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Cells and Analysis with Flow Cytometry upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: September 18, 2020

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice06:32

Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice

Published on: September 19, 2016

Related Concept Videos

Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...