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Related Concept Videos

Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients
13:50

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

The gastrointestinal tract and AIDS pathogenesis.

Andrew A Lackner1, Mahesh Mohan, Ronald S Veazey

  • 1Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.

Gastroenterology
|May 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Gastrointestinal tract issues are central to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS pathogenesis. Understanding HIV

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal diseases are early and significant manifestations of HIV infection.
  • Initially viewed as consequences of immune destruction, they are now understood as central to AIDS pathogenesis.
  • Critical events like HIV transmission and CD4+ T-cell depletion occur in the gut.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction between primate lentiviruses and the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To elucidate how this interaction drives AIDS pathogenesis, immune dysfunction, and disease progression.
  • To utilize nonhuman primate models to bridge knowledge gaps in human AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lentivirus-gastrointestinal tract interactions.
  • Analysis of data from nonhuman primate models of AIDS.

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Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients
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Sequencing of Bacterial Microflora in Peripheral Blood: our Experience with HIV-infected Patients

Published on: June 11, 2011

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Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

Published on: May 2, 2017

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
14:28

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

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  • Focus on mucosal and intestinal immune system roles in HIV pathogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • The gastrointestinal tract is a primary site for HIV transmission, viral replication, and immune system damage.
    • Breakdown of the intestinal barrier and microbial translocation significantly contribute to AIDS progression.
    • Early events in the gut, often unnoticed by patients, are critical for disease development.

    Conclusions:

    • The gastrointestinal tract plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AIDS.
    • Understanding gut-specific mechanisms is crucial for developing effective HIV/AIDS therapies.
    • Nonhuman primate models provide valuable insights into human AIDS progression.