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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Published on: December 26, 2015
Pharmacotherapy of multiple sclerosis: the PROOF trial
Background:
Currently approved disease-modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) include two different interferon beta-1a (IFNB-1a) preparations: subcutaneous IFNB-1a (Rebif) 44 microg three times weekly and intramuscular IFNB-1a (Avonex) 30 microg once weekly.
Objective:
This evaluation is of the Prospective and Retrospective Long-Term Observational Study of Avonex and Rebif (PROOF), which intended to compare relative efficacy and tolerability of the two INFB-1a products.
Methods:
PROOF was analyzed in light of previous head-to-head studies comparing high- and low-frequency IFNB therapies.
Results/Conclusions:
Several limitations, including a retrospective-prospective design, retrospective assessment of variables without predefined criteria, limited prospective evaluation, and inadequate sample size, necessitate careful interpretation of their Results. Ultimately, the question of long-term efficacy of high- versus low-frequency INFB therapies remains unanswered.
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