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Urinary incontinence is associated with an increase in falls: a systematic review
Pauline E Chiarelli1, Lynette A Mackenzie, Peter G Osmotherly
1School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Pauline.Chiarelli@newcastle.edu.au
Question:
Is urinary incontinence associated with falls in community-dwelling older people?
Design:
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies investigating falls and urinary incontinence.
Participants:
Community-dwelling older people.
Outcome Measures:
Falls rather than fracture or injury, and any type of urinary incontinence.
Results:
Odds ratios of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds of falling were 1.45 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.54) in the presence of any type of urinary incontinence. The odds of falling were 1.54 (95% CI 1.41 to 1.69) in the presence of urge incontinence. The odds of falling were 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.23) in the presence of stress incontinence. The odds of falling were 1.92 (95% CI 1.69 to 2.18) in the presence of mixed incontinence.
Conclusion:
Urge urinary incontinence, but not stress urinary incontinence, is associated with a modest increase in falls. Falls prevention programs need to include an assessment of incontinence and referral for interventions to ameliorate the symptoms of urge incontinence.
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