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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Membranes01:27

Tissue Membranes

A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints. A synovial membrane is...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies
05:34

A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies

Published on: March 31, 2022

Skin flaps.

Mary Tschoi1, Erik A Hoy, Mark S Granick

  • 1Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School-UMDNJ, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 7200, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|May 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Closing complex facial wounds requires specialized techniques. This review covers basic skin closure and advanced skin flap methods for optimal aesthetic and functional outcomes in head and neck reconstruction.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies
05:34

A Reliable Porcine Fascio-Cutaneous Flap Model for Vascularized Composite Allografts Bioengineering Studies

Published on: March 31, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Dermatology
  • Wound Healing

Background:

  • Facial wound closure presents unique challenges due to anatomical complexity.
  • Factors influencing closure technique include defect size, location, patient health, and etiology (trauma or malignancy).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fundamental skin closure techniques.
  • To discuss the application of skin flaps for complex facial wound reconstruction, especially in the head and neck region.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on skin closure methods.
  • Discussion of surgical principles for wound management.
  • Focus on flap techniques for head and neck reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Basic skin closure options are suitable for simpler defects.
  • Skin flaps offer versatile solutions for larger or more complex facial defects.
  • Successful reconstruction balances aesthetic results, functional preservation, and patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of wound closure technique is multifactorial.
  • Skin flaps are crucial for achieving optimal outcomes in complex head and neck reconstructions.
  • Patient-centered goals guide the selection of reconstructive strategies.