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Microbiome of the Eye

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Published on: November 12, 2015

Microbial keratitis after corneal collagen crosslinking.

Juan J Pérez-Santonja¹, Alberto Artola, Jaime Javaloy

¹Cornea and Refractive Surgery Section, Vissum-Instituto Oftalmológico de Alicante, and Miguel Hernández University School of Medicine, Alicante, Spain. jjpsantonja@coma.es

Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery

|May 26, 2009

Summary

Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for keratoconus can lead to Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis, a bacterial infection. Prompt antibiotic treatment is crucial for managing this post-procedure complication.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Microbiology

Background:

Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) using riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light (UVA) is a standard treatment for progressive keratoconus.
The procedure, while minimally invasive, traditionally involves epithelial removal, a step that may increase infection risk.

Observation:

A 29-year-old female patient developed Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis in her right eye following uneventful CXL for keratoconus.
Infiltrates appeared in the upper midperipheral cornea post-procedure.

Findings:

Microbiological studies confirmed Staphylococcus epidermidis keratitis.
Treatment with topical fortified antibiotics successfully managed the infection.
Pre-CXL visual acuity was 20/25, improving to 20/22 post-treatment with a mild residual corneal haze.

Implications:

Epithelial removal during CXL may be a predisposing factor for bacterial keratitis.
Prompt diagnosis and targeted antibiotic therapy are essential for favorable outcomes in post-CXL infectious keratitis.
Further research into epithelial-sparing CXL techniques may reduce the risk of such complications.