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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
Published on: March 2, 2011
Testosterone therapy in men
Aikaterini Theodoraki1, Pierre-Marc Bouloux
1Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Royal Free Campus, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK. k_theodoraki@yahoo.gr
Abstract:
Androgens exert effects on virtually all bodily tissues, and have a multitude of physiological roles in health. Testosterone, the predominant androgen in men, when deficient (hypogonadism), leads to a multiplicity of symptoms and signs that are corrected with physiological substitution. The impact of hypogonadism depends on the age at which it occurs. In any case, when testosterone replacement is initiated close monitoring for efficacy and safety is advised. The relation of ageing, the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity and survival with plasma testosterone has been closely examined in recent studies. However, the effect of testosterone replacement therapy on the above clinical states needs to be clarified in large long-term duration/outcome studies. Recent research has shed light on possible molecular testosterone targets. Based on those research outcomes, drugs targeting the androgen receptor, which spare androgenic effects and preserve anabolic tissue effects, called selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMS), are under clinical trials. The role of testosterone in regulating erectile function has been studied in animal models and critical tissue testosterone targets have been elucidated.
Insights
Testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) causes various symptoms corrected by replacement therapy. Further research is needed on testosterone replacement
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Men's Health
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for numerous physiological functions.
- Testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) in men leads to diverse symptoms and signs.
- The impact of hypogonadism varies with age at onset.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the physiological roles of androgens and testosterone.
- To discuss the clinical implications of hypogonadism and its management.
- To explore emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the androgen receptor.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies on testosterone's relation to aging, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and survival.
- Examination of molecular targets of testosterone.
- Analysis of ongoing clinical trials for selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs).
Main Results:
- Testosterone replacement therapy corrects hypogonadism symptoms.
- Further large-scale, long-term studies are required to clarify testosterone replacement therapy's effects on aging and metabolic conditions.
- Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are under clinical investigation as potential therapeutics.
Conclusions:
- Testosterone plays a vital role in male physiology and health.
- Close monitoring is advised during testosterone replacement therapy.
- Targeting the androgen receptor with agents like SARMs represents a promising area for future therapeutic development.
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