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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Chromatin assembly controls replication fork stability.

Marta Clemente-Ruiz1, Félix Prado

  • 1Departamento de Biología Molecular, CABIMER-CSIC, Seville, Spain.

EMBO Reports
|May 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial depletion of histone H4 impairs DNA replication fork stability, causing fork collapse and DNA damage. Homologous recombination, dependent on Rad52, rescues these broken replication forks, highlighting its role in replication restart.

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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
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Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography
14:56

Imaging Replicative Domains in Ultrastructurally Preserved Chromatin by Electron Tomography

Published on: May 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA replication requires coordinated chromatin assembly.
  • Impaired histone H4 levels can lead to DNA damage during replication.
  • S-phase checkpoints regulate replication fork integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of partial histone H4 depletion on DNA replication fork stability.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying replication fork collapse and repair.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of replication intermediates (bubbles, Y-shaped structures).
  • Assessment of replisome integrity and DNA double-strand breaks.
  • Investigation of the roles of Rad52 and Rad51 in fork repair.

Main Results:

  • Partial histone H4 depletion caused replication fork collapse, independent of S-phase checkpoints.
  • Fork collapse involved reduced replication intermediates, increased Y-structures, replisome defects, and DNA double-strand breaks.
  • Rad52-dependent accumulation of X-shaped molecules and Rad52-mediated fork rescue were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome deposition is essential for maintaining replication fork stability.
  • Homologous recombination, specifically Rad52-mediated pathways, is crucial for rescuing collapsed replication forks.