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Low dose carbon implanted waveguides in Nd:YAG.

Gloria Vázquez, J Rickards, G Lifante

    Optics Express
    |May 26, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Carbon implantation into neodymium-doped YAG crystals creates optical waveguides. This method achieves a refractive index decrease in the nuclear region and a slight enhancement in the guiding region, preserving transparency after annealing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optoelectronics
    • Ion Implantation

    Background:

    • Neodymium-doped YAG (Nd:YAG) crystals are crucial for solid-state lasers.
    • Optical waveguides are essential components in integrated photonics.
    • Previous methods for waveguide fabrication in Nd:YAG have limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the feasibility of using carbon ion implantation for fabricating optical waveguides in Nd:YAG crystals.
    • To characterize the optical and structural properties of the resulting waveguides.
    • To assess the impact of carbon implantation on the spectroscopic properties of Nd:YAG.

    Main Methods:

    • Carbon ion implantation into Nd:YAG crystals at low doses.
    • Post-implantation annealing to restore optical transparency.
    • Refractive index profiling using guided mode spectroscopy.
    • Spectroscopic analysis of the 4F3/2 emission band and lifetime measurements.

    Main Results:

    • Successful fabrication of optical waveguides in Nd:YAG via carbon implantation.
    • Achieved a significant refractive index decrease (~2.5%) in the nuclear region and a slight increase (~0.35%) in the guiding region.
    • Implantation-induced refractive index profile was stable after annealing, preserving crystal transparency.
    • Spectroscopic studies showed slight broadening of the 4F3/2 emission band with a lifetime (240 ms) comparable to bulk Nd:YAG.

    Conclusions:

    • Carbon ion implantation is a viable technique for creating optical waveguides in Nd:YAG.
    • The developed method offers control over refractive index modification for waveguide formation.
    • The spectroscopic properties of the Nd ions are largely preserved, making these waveguides suitable for laser applications.

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