Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.
Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in the...
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetic Properties of Ge-Doped Fe<sub>3</sub>GaTe<sub>2</sub> van der Waals Ferromagnets.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Ultrafast Demagnetization Dynamics in Room-Temperature vdW Ferromagnet Fe<sub>3</sub>GaTe<sub>2</sub>.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications·2026
Same author

Interface Engineering Strategies for Magnetic and Magneto-Optical Enhancement of Two-Dimensional Fe<sub>3</sub>GeTe<sub>2</sub>.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Towards arbitrary time-frequency mode squeezing with self-conjugated mode squeezing in fiber.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Framework for Groove Rating in Exercise-Enhancing Music Based on a CNN-TCN Architecture with Integrated Entropy Regularization and Pooling.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
10:17

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Published on: July 12, 2017

Continuous-wave second harmonic generation in Bragg reflection waveguides.

Payam Abolghasem1, Junbo Han, Bhavin J Bijlani

  • 1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.

Optics Express
|May 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed continuous-wave second harmonic generation in a GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide. This nonlinear optical process achieved a conversion efficiency of 6.8 x 10⁻³ %W⁻¹cm⁻² with a 94 mW pump.

More Related Videos

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
12:21

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
10:17

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Published on: July 12, 2017

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

Published on: August 5, 2013

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
12:21

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Published on: April 4, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear Optics
  • Semiconductor Photonics
  • Integrated Photonics

Background:

  • Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a key nonlinear optical process for frequency conversion.
  • Semiconductor waveguides offer potential for compact and efficient nonlinear optical devices.
  • GaAs/AlGaAs material system is suitable for integrated photonic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate continuous-wave (CW) second harmonic generation (SHG) in a type-I phase-matched Bragg reflection waveguide.
  • To investigate the performance of SHG in a GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As waveguide at telecom wavelengths.
  • To characterize the conversion efficiency and bandwidth of the nonlinear process.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As waveguide with Bragg reflection gratings.
  • Experimental setup for CW pump laser delivery and second harmonic (SH) power measurement.
  • Characterization of phase-matching conditions, pump power, and SH bandwidth.

Main Results:

  • Observation of CW type-I phase-matched SHG with a pump wavelength of 1559.9 nm.
  • Measured SH power of 23 nW for an internal pump power of 94 mW in a 1.96 mm long waveguide.
  • Estimated internal conversion efficiency of 6.8 x 10⁻³ %W⁻¹cm⁻².
  • Observed full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 0.91 nm for the nonlinear process.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated efficient CW SHG in a GaAs/AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguide.
  • The results highlight the potential of this material system for integrated nonlinear photonic devices.
  • The characterized performance metrics provide valuable data for future device design and optimization.