Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026
19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
[Tarsal switch levator for mitochondrial myogenic ptosis]
Lucia Miriam Dumont Lucci1, Nilson Lopes da Fonseca Junior, Débora Mayumi Sugano
1Setor de Plástica Ocular, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil. lucialucci08@gmail.com
Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia
|May 26, 2009
Summary
The tarsal switch procedure effectively elevates eyelids in mitochondrial myogenic ptosis patients, improving vision and head posture without causing corneal complications. This technique enhances eyelid function and protects the eyes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Plastic Surgery
- Genetics
Context:
- Mitochondrial myogenic ptosis causes eyelid malposition, affecting vision and requiring surgical correction.
- Patients with mitochondrial myopathy often have poor eye protective mechanisms, increasing risks of corneal complications.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the efficacy of the tarsal switch levator resection procedure for treating mitochondrial myogenic ptosis.
- To assess the procedure's ability to lift the palpebral fissure to the visual axis without inducing corneal complications.
Summary:
- A prospective study involved 6 patients (9 eyes) with mitochondrial myopathy undergoing the tarsal switch procedure under local anesthesia.
- The technique involves an upper eyelid tarsectomy with autologous tarsoconjunctival graft transfer to the lower eyelid's posterior lamella.
- All patients experienced improved visual axis exposure and head posture, with no reported corneal complications or exposure symptoms during 30-60 months of follow-up.
Impact:
- The tarsal switch procedure offers a safe and effective solution for eyelid malpositions in patients with compromised eye protection.
- It successfully elevates both upper and lower eyelids, mitigating the risk of lagophthalmos and subsequent corneal issues.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Muscles of the Eye
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and rotating...
01:28Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes
The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
01:12Alterations in Muscle Tone ll
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
01:22Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology
The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...