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Related Concept Videos

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
Ion Exchange01:17

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Published on: August 2, 2012

Not all anionic polyelectrolytes complex with DTAB.

Yuguo Cui1, Robert Pelton, Terence Cosgrove

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering JHE-136, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) with boric acid forms HPG-borate, an anionic polymer. Unexpectedly, HPG-borate did not induce dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) micellization but instead flocculated existing DTAB micelles.

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) is a nonionic water-soluble polymer.
  • Boric acid can interact with guar polymers, forming borate complexes.
  • Understanding polymer-surfactant interactions is crucial for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), with and without boric acid, on dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) micellization.
  • To characterize the interaction between HPG-borate and DTAB using multiple techniques.
  • To compare the behavior of HPG-borate with a known interacting polymer, carboxymethyl guar (CMG).

Main Methods:

  • Surface tension measurements
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)
  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)

Main Results:

  • HPG in the presence of borate ions forms an anionic polyelectrolyte (HPG-borate).
  • HPG-borate did not promote DTAB micellization or phase separation, contrary to expectations for oppositely charged systems.
  • SANS data indicated that HPG-borate binds to and flocculates pre-formed DTAB micelles.
  • Carboxymethyl guar (CMG) formed precipitates with DTAB, highlighting the unusual behavior of HPG-borate.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between HPG-borate and DTAB is complex and does not follow typical polyelectrolyte-surfactant phase behavior.
  • HPG-borate acts as a flocculant for existing DTAB micelles rather than inducing new micellization.
  • The formation of HPG-borate alters its interaction profile with surfactants compared to nonionic HPG or other modified guars like CMG.