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Related Concept Videos

Mortar01:29

Mortar

Mortar, a mixture of Portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water, is a crucial binding material in construction. Its primary function is to join masonry units together, filling gaps and ensuring a uniform distribution of weight across the structure. This helps in preventing potential weaknesses. Mortar also serves as a protective barrier against environmental elements such as water and wind, thereby safeguarding the interior of the structure. It also compensates for surface irregularities...
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Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
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Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Related Experiment Video

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Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
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Published on: July 10, 2014

Synthetic hectorite - a new toothpaste binder.

B J Mayes1

  • 1Research and Development Laboratories, Laporte Industries Ltd, Organics and Pigments Division, P.O. Box 26, Grimsby, S. Humberside DN37 8DP.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Laponite, a synthetic inorganic colloid, can be used in toothpaste formulations. Stable pastes are achievable with Laponite and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, reducing overall binder levels and flavor intensity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid Chemistry
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Toothpaste formulations rely on binders for stability and texture.
  • Synthetic inorganic colloids offer potential alternatives to traditional binders.
  • Laponite is a synthetic clay with unique rheological properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Laponite as a toothpaste binder.
  • To investigate the impact of various formulation components on paste stability.
  • To determine the potential for binder and flavor reduction in toothpaste.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of toothpaste pastes using Laponite as a binder.
  • Systematic variation of polishing agents, humectants, and co-binders.
  • Rheological assessment of paste stability.
  • Sensory evaluation for flavor reduction.

Main Results:

  • Stable toothpaste pastes were successfully prepared using Laponite in combination with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Binder levels could be reduced while maintaining paste stability.
  • Sorbitol as the sole humectant maximized binder reduction.
  • Flavor intensity could be reduced by up to 25% without compromising quality.

Conclusions:

  • Laponite is a viable toothpaste binder, offering formulation flexibility.
  • Optimized formulations with Laponite and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose allow for reduced binder content.
  • The use of Laponite may enable cost savings through reduced binder and flavorant usage.