Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence of APOE4-related brain vulnerabilities in verbal memory systems in midlife women.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Patterns of brain activation and hippocampal functional connectivity associated with verbal memory in midlife postmenopausal women.

Maturitas·2026
Same author

Leveraging STRAW +10 criteria to evaluate menopause stage effects on sleep quality.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2026
Same author

BrainBaseline Assessment of Cognition and Everyday Functioning ("BRACE"-ing for the Future): Establishing iPad-Based Norms for Cognitive Function in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study Combined Cohort Study.

JMIR mental health·2026
Same author

Does MHT prevent or treat cognitive decline? Recent data converge on an answer.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2026
Same author

Identifying and characterizing cognitive profiles in midlife women: a latent profile analysis.

Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology·2026
Same journal

Clinical outcomes and euploidy rates of embryos derived from zygotes with nonpronuclear (0PN) and monopronuclear (1PN) in IVF or ICSI cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human reproduction update·2026
Same journal

Sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number: a marker of male fertility and reproductive success.

Human reproduction update·2026
Same journal

Embryo-derived extracellular vesicles and their potential as biomarkers for embryo quality during IVF: a systematic review.

Human reproduction update·2026
Same journal

Endometriosis and ovarian cancer: epidemiological evidence, molecular insights, and clinical decision-making.

Human reproduction update·2026
Same journal

Maternal genetic variants associated with aneuploid conception: a narrative review.

Human reproduction update·2026
Same journal

Iron overload disorders in adults: a comprehensive review of gonadal function, reproductive, and sexual health.

Human reproduction update·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
10:10

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

Hormone therapy and cognitive function.

Pauline M Maki1, Erin Sundermann

  • 1Neuropsychiatric Institute, MC 913, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. pmaki@psych.uic.edu

Human Reproduction Update
|May 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hormone therapy impacts cognitive function differently based on formulation and menopausal stage. Estrogen alone may benefit verbal memory, while combined therapy can be detrimental, necessitating further research for optimal treatment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy
10:10

Quantifying Cognitive Decrements Caused by Cranial Radiotherapy

Published on: October 18, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Clinical trials present conflicting data on hormone therapy's effects on verbal memory and executive function.
  • Cognitive decline, particularly in verbal memory and executive function, is significant in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Understanding hormone therapy's cognitive impact is crucial for post-menopausal women.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review randomized clinical trials on hormone therapy's effects on verbal memory.
  • To narratively review studies on hormone therapy's effects on executive function due to limited trial data.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 17 placebo-controlled trials on hormone therapy and verbal memory.
  • Analysis distinguished between younger (<65) and older (>65) women, and estrogen-only vs. estrogen-plus-progestogen.
  • Narrative review of 25 studies examining executive function.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen alone shows potential benefits for verbal memory in younger, naturally menopausal women.
  • Conjugated equine estrogen with medroxyprogesterone acetate demonstrates detrimental effects on verbal memory.
  • Observational studies suggest hormone therapy may improve executive function.

Conclusions:

  • Future research should incorporate executive function measures in clinical trials.
  • Investigate combination hormone therapy formulations for cognitive neutrality/benefit alongside hot flash relief.
  • Clarify optimal hormone therapy strategies for early post-menopause cognitive health.