Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Preparation of Food Samples Using Homogenization and Microwave-Assisted Wet Acid Digestion for Multi-Element Determination with ICP-MS
Published on: December 22, 2023
Calibration possibilities and modifier use in ETV ICP OES determination of trace and minor elements in plant
Albena Detcheva1, Peter Barth, Juergen Hassler
1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Abstract:
The possibilities for universal calibration based on multi-element aqueous standard solutions and graphite laboratory reference materials (graphite standards) for the electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ETV ICP OES) determination of Al, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn in plant materials were investigated. A commercially available state-of-the-art ETV device was coupled with an Echelle ICP spectrometer equipped with a charge-injection-device (CID) camera for spectral detection. The transition area between transport tube and ETV graphite tube and the gas streams for inner gas, bypass gas, and modifier gas were optimized to achieve best transport efficiencies. The influence of four gaseous modifiers (CCl4, CHCl3, CCl2F2, and C3H8) added to the inner gas was studied. Five reference materials (RM P-Alfalfa, Lucerne; NIES CRM No.9 "Sargasso"; CTA-VTL-2 Virginia Tobacco Leaves; NIST SRM 1515 Apple Leaves; IAEA-V-10 Hay Powder) were used for method validation. If certified reference materials are not available, calibration against graphite standards or dried aqueous standard solutions is possible. Three carbonization procedures as sample pretreatment for the plant materials were investigated.
Related Concept Videos
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab
Instrument Calibration
Analytical Balance Calibration
An analytical balance measures mass and requires regular calibration to...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

