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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Avian encephalomyelitis virus in reared pheasants: a case study.

D de B Welchman1, W J Cox, R E Gough

  • 1VLA Winchester, Winchester, UK. d.welchman@vla.defra.gsi.gov.uk

Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A
|May 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A neurological disease outbreak in pheasant chicks was linked to avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV). This study confirmed AEV infection in pheasants, impacting chick health and survival rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Disease Outbreak Investigation

Background:

  • Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) is a significant pathogen in poultry, primarily affecting chickens.
  • Neurological diseases in game birds can have substantial economic impacts on game farms.
  • Understanding AEV transmission dynamics is crucial for disease control in various avian species.

Observation:

  • An outbreak of neurological disease, including trembling, incoordination, blindness, and cataracts, occurred in pheasant chicks.
  • Affected chicks exhibited significant mortality and culling rates, particularly in later hatches.
  • Histopathology revealed encephalomyelitis, consistent with AEV infection, though initial virus detection was challenging.

Findings:

  • Serological testing (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) confirmed the presence of AEV antibodies in affected chicks and adult breeding birds.
  • Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identified AEV nucleotide sequences in affected pheasant tissues.
  • The findings suggest a vertically transmitted AEV strain, potentially introduced by carrier pheasants, caused the outbreak.

Implications:

  • This research highlights the susceptibility of pheasants to AEV, expanding the known host range of the virus.
  • It underscores the importance of diagnostic methods like ELISA and RT-PCR for identifying AEV in non-traditional avian hosts.
  • Effective biosecurity and disease surveillance are critical to prevent AEV introduction and spread in game bird populations.