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Related Concept Videos

Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

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A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
10:10

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Published on: October 5, 2015

[Acute respiratory failure caused by tuberculosis].

Iwona Dabrowska-Wójciak1, Andrzej Piotrowski, Agnieszka Zawiślak

  • 1Oddział Kliniczny Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii UM w Lodzi. iwonadw@wp.pl

Anestezjologia Intensywna Terapia
|May 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis is a rare cause of respiratory distress and multiple organ failure in Poland. Early diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is crucial for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.

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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is infrequently recognized as a primary cause of severe respiratory distress and multiple organ failure in contemporary Poland.
  • A case study highlights the diagnostic challenges of TB, particularly in pediatric patients presenting with critical illness.

Observation:

  • A 13-year-old boy presented with acute respiratory distress, pneumonia, pleural effusion, mediastinitis, acute renal failure, and shock after three months of ineffective antibiotic treatment.
  • Initial diagnostic tests, including skin TB-test, blood, and sputum cultures, were negative. Mediastinoscopy suggested lymphoma, leading to steroid administration.
  • The patient required mechanical ventilation, inotropic support, and fluid resuscitation due to his critical condition.

Findings:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on bronchial lavage fluid confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
  • Multi-drug anti-TB treatment was initiated, with adjustments due to complications like dysenteric diarrhea and TB-meningitis.
  • The patient showed steady improvement, was discharged from the ICU after six weeks, and recovered fully without neurological deficits.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for tuberculosis to present atypically and lead to severe, multi-organ complications.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of TB, utilizing molecular methods like PCR on relevant specimens, is vital for timely and effective intervention.
  • The findings emphasize the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of unexplained critical illness, even in low-prevalence settings.