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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Delirium: sifting through the confusion.

Raheel A Khan1, Debra Kahn, James A Bourgeois

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. raheel.khan@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu

Current Psychiatry Reports
|May 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Delirium, a common hospital condition, is often missed due to its varied symptoms and fluctuating consciousness. This review explores its mechanisms and treatments using complex case studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Delirium is a frequent and serious condition in hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Diagnosis is often delayed or missed because of delirium's fluctuating nature and diverse clinical presentations.
  • Effective management is challenging due to multifactorial causes contributing to the syndrome's course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of delirium.
  • To discuss available treatment options for delirium.
  • To illustrate diagnostic and management challenges through case examples.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of the latest information on delirium.
  • Analysis of two complex clinical cases from a university medical center's psychosomatic service.
  • Examination of underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Highlights the diagnostic difficulties associated with delirium in hospital settings.
  • Underscores the complexity in managing patients with delirium.
  • Presents case-based insights into delirium's pathophysiology and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Emphasizes the need for increased awareness and improved diagnostic accuracy for delirium.
  • Suggests that a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms and tailored treatments are crucial.
  • Case studies provide valuable learning points for clinicians managing delirium.