Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

Design Example: Measuring Distance Between Two Points with Obstructions

When measuring distances in areas with physical obstructions, such as a lake in a field, surveyors must employ techniques to calculate accurate lengths without direct line measurements. One effective method is the offset technique, which allows for precise distance estimation over inaccessible stretches.In this scenario, a surveyor must measure a side of an area that crosses a lake. Since the measuring tape cannot span the lake, the surveyor begins by establishing a baseline that aligns with...

Indirect Motor Pathways

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

Evaluating Limits by Direct Substitution

Evaluating Limits by Direct Substitution

In the analysis of functions that represent continuous physical phenomena, it is often necessary to determine the output value as the input approaches a specific point. When a combination of algebraic terms defines the function and exhibits no discontinuities or abrupt changes near the point of interest, the limit of the function can be evaluated directly. This process, known as direct substitution, involves replacing the variable in the expression with the value it approaches.Direct...

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

Testing a Claim about Population Proportion

A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Placental growth factor (PLGF)-based testing to help diagnose suspected pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and economic evaluation.

Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)·2026

Same author

Effects of single-injection vs. continuous brachial plexus blocks for shoulder surgeries on patient-reported outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Anaesthesia·2026

Same author

Postoperative Delirium and Neurocognitive Disorders Associated With Inflammatory and Neuronal Injury Biomarkers: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Cohort Study.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Same author

Indirect Treatment Comparison of the Efficacy of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Compared With Lenacapavir for HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.

Advances in therapy·2026

Same author

Routine pre-operative modified telephone interview for cognitive status screening: a reply.

Anaesthesia·2026

Same author

Intraoperative electroencephalogram-derived measures and their association with postoperative delirium. Response to Br J Anaesth 2026; 136: 1055-56.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

How far do you go? Efficient searching for indirect evidence.

Neil Hawkins¹, David A Scott, Beth Woods

¹Oxford Outcomes Ltd, Botley, Oxford, UK. neil.hawkins@oxfordoutcomes.com

Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

|May 28, 2009

Summary

New search strategies efficiently identify indirect evidence for healthcare decision-making when direct trial data is limited. These iterative methods help researchers optimize evidence searches for treatment comparisons.

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Health Economics
Evidence-Based Medicine
Clinical Trial Design

Background:

Indirect evidence is crucial for healthcare decisions when direct comparative trial data is scarce.
Traditional search methods may miss relevant indirect evidence due to fixed comparator sets.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a framework for designing efficient search strategies to find clinical trials offering indirect evidence for treatment comparisons.
Enhance the identification of relevant indirect evidence in health technology assessments.

Main Methods:

Two novel iterative search strategies are presented, differing from traditional approaches.
Comparators for each search iteration are dynamically identified based on preceding search results.
Methods are provided to estimate the value of indirect evidence based on the number of linking comparators.

Main Results:

The proposed strategies identify all indirect comparisons involving a specified number of linking comparators.
The iterative approach allows for a trade-off between search effort and the potential impact of distant comparisons.
A case study illustrates the application in a network meta-analysis for non-small cell lung cancer treatments.

Conclusions:

Iterative search strategies effectively identify valuable indirect evidence.
Researchers can determine the optimal search scope by estimating the value of additional indirect evidence.